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Mac OS X "SOE" Day 5

Page Redirection > continued from day 4...

Continuing on from the "build" phase setup we need to script our "firstboot" options. The last step in the build phase set our "firstboot" script as "/var/root/firstboot.sh".

So what's the minimum we need in the "firstboot" phase? There isn't really a minimum for this phase as you can do most of this stuff at localisation phase. The main things I do here relate to writing prefs that a machine specific ie, contain UUID or MACADDRESS
  • Setting default screensaver
  • Setting default menu extras
  • Run Apple Software updates that require a booted OS
  • Set the initial HOSTNAME, LOCALHOSTNAME and COMPUTERNAME
  • Set the initial Energy Saver settings
  • Disable some Network Services (firewire, bluetooth)
  • Set the initial Network Services Order
  • Disable IPv6

Couple things you will need to know for this stage, how to get the UUID and/or the MACADDRESS. Post 2010 macs seem to use the UUID instead of the MACADDRESS but if you manage multiple models and locations there is no harm in writing two sets of PLISTS (as I do,cuz I'm lazy). Also note these scripts require plistbuddy as the plists are nested and complicated. 
# Apple unique workstation UUID.
UUID=$(/usr/sbin/ioreg -rd1 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | /usr/bin/perl -ne 'if (m/^.*\"IOPlatformUUID\" = \"(.*).*\"$/im) {print $1}')

# Mac address.
MACADDRESS=$(/usr/sbin/networksetup -getMACADDRESS en0 | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed s/://g)


Write the default screensaver prefs. 
#* Default preferences.
#+ Modifies /System/Library/User Template
#+ Replacing ${YOURSAVERHERE}
for USER_TEMPLATE in `sudo ls /System/Library/User\ Template`
do
 if [ -r "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences" ]; then
  /bin/echo "Modifying /System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences"
  # com.apple.screensaver.plist
  sudo /usr/bin/defaults write "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.screensaver" askForPassword -int 1
  sudo /usr/bin/defaults write "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.screensaver" askForPasswordDelay -int 5
  # com.apple.screensaver.UUID.plist
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :CleanExit string YES' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :idleTime integer 900' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict dict' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:iLifeMediaGroupType integer 0' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:moduleName string ${YOURSAVERHERE}' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:path string /Library/Screen\ Savers/${YOURSAVERHERE}.slideSaver' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:type integer 4' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist"
  # com.apple.screensaver.MACADDRESS.plist
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :CleanExit string YES' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :idleTime integer 900' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict dict' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:iLifeMediaGroupType integer 0' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:moduleName string ${YOURSAVERHERE}' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:path string /Library/Screen\ Savers/${YOURSAVERHERE}.slideSaver' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add :moduleDict:type integer 4' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
 fi
done


Write the default menu extras prefs. (might as well have one User Template loop but I'm splitting here for easier reading) 
#* Default preferences.
#+ Modifies /System/Library/User Template
for USER_TEMPLATE in `sudo ls /System/Library/User\ Template`
do
 if [ -r "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences" ]; then
  /bin/echo "Modifying /System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences"
# com.apple.systemuiserver.plist
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:0 string /Applications/Utilities/Keychain\ Access.app/Contents/Resources/Keychain.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:1 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Bluetooth.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:2 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TextInput.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:3 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Volume.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:4 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Displays.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:5 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  # com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist (do not load)
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:0 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/AirPort.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:1 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/VPN.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:2 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TimeMachine.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:3 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Battery.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist"
  # com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist (do not load)
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:0 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/AirPort.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:1 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/VPN.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:2 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TimeMachine.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:3 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Battery.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
fi
done


One thing I like to do is add different menu extras for laptop users too (such as giving them the built-in vpn menu). 
# Run if a laptop
ioreg -rd1 -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | grep -E model | awk '{print $3}' | sed s/\<\"// | sed s/\"\>// | grep iMac
if [ "$?" == "1" ]; then
# Modify User Template preference defaults
for USER_TEMPLATE in `sudo ls /System/Library/User\ Template`
do
 if [ -r "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences" ]; then
  /bin/echo "Modifying /System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences"
  # com.apple.systemuiserver.plist
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Delete menuExtras' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:0 string /Applications/Utilities/Keychain\ Access.app/Contents/Resources/Keychain.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:1 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/AirPort.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:2 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/VPN.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:3 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Bluetooth.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:4 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TextInput.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:5 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Volume.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:6 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Displays.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:7 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/RemoteDesktop.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add menuExtras:8 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/Battery.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist"
  # Ensure ByHost is there
  sudo /bin/mkdir -p "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost"
  # com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist (do not load)
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Delete dontAutoLoad' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:0 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TimeMachine.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist"
  # com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist (do not load)
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Delete dontAutoLoad' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad array' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist" 
  sudo ${PLISTB} -c 'Add dontAutoLoad:0 string /System/Library/CoreServices/Menu\ Extras/TimeMachine.menu' "/System/Library/User Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist"
 fi


You may also want these same prefs copied to your local admin users that have already been created. I'll let you decide how you want to do it. 
# com.apple.screensaver.plist
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.screensaver.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/
# com.apple.screensaver.UUID.plist
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${UUID}.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/
# com.apple.screensaver.MACADDRESS.plist
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.screensaver.${MACADDRESS}.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/
#+ Set menu extras
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/com.apple.systemuiserver.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${UUID}.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/
sudo /bin/cp -f /System/Library/User\ Template/${USER_TEMPLATE}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/com.apple.systemuiserver.${MACADDRESS}.plist /var/${SHORTNAME}/Library/Preferences/ByHost/


Set the initial hostname. I set it to a combination of the SERIALNUMBER and MACADDRESS. I do this so the machine is easily identifiable via Apple Remote Desktop. I can't always be onsite when a mac is imaged.
# Serial number.
SERIAL=$(/usr/sbin/ioreg -c IOPlatformExpertDevice | /usr/bin/sed -E -n -e '/IOPlatformSerialNumber/{s/^.*[[:space:]]"IOPlatformSerialNumber" = "(.+)"$/\1/p;q;}')

# Mac address.
MACADDRESS=$(/usr/sbin/networksetup -getMACADDRESS en0 | /usr/bin/awk '{print $3}' | /usr/bin/sed s/://g)

#* Set Computer name,Local Host Name, Hostname, Netbios name.
sudo /usr/sbin/scutil --set ComputerName "${SERIAL}-${MACADDRESS}"
sudo /usr/sbin/scutil --set LocalHostName "${SERIAL}-${MACADDRESS}"
sudo /usr/sbin/scutil --set HostName "${SERIAL}-${MACADDRESS}"
sudo /bin/hostname "${SERIAL}-${MACADDRESS}"
sudo /usr/bin/defaults write /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server NetBIOSName "${SERIAL}-${MACADDRESS}"


Set the initial energy saver preferences. 
#* Set Computer sleep idle time, Display sleep idle time, Disable hard disk sleep.
sudo /usr/sbin/systemsetup -setcomputersleep "60"
sudo /usr/sbin/systemsetup -setdisplaysleep "15"
sudo /usr/sbin/systemsetup -setharddisksleep off


Disable IPv6. I've had AD binding bugs (so have others I've read in posts on the net. Plus I don't use it yet). 
#* Disable ipv6.
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "Airport"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "Bluetooth Dun"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "Bluetooth Pan"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "Ethernet"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "FireWire"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -setv6off "Wi-Fi"


Order your networks services for priority. 
#* Order Services.
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Wi-Fi" "FireWire"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Wi-Fi" "FireWire" "Bluetooth DUN"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Wi-Fi" "FireWire" "Bluetooth DUN" "Bluetooth PAN"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Airport" "FireWire"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Airport" "FireWire" "Bluetooth DUN"
sudo /usr/sbin/networksetup -ordernetworkservices "Ethernet" "Airport" "FireWire" "Bluetooth DUN" "Bluetooth PAN"


Once you are done with your "firstboot" phase don't forget to remove it ;)

Disable the firstboot loginhook. 
#* Disable firstboot LoginHook
sudo /usr/bin/defaults delete "/var/root/Library/Preferences/com.apple.loginwindow" LoginHook


That's all I can think of for now ;) maybe a post implementation review to cover changes later on.... stay tuned for the "localisation" phase.

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